CA 125 laboratory test
CA 125 (cancer antigen) is a protein that is a major component of the mucosa. It is a tumour marker of ovarian cancer, as its concentration can be increased by more than 80% if a cancerous lesion is present in the body. Its levels can also be high in case of other non-cancerous conditions. Such conditions include pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and pregnancy.
What is the purpose of the test?
Although the test may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis, it is primarily suitable for monitoring the treatment of ovarian cancer and for detecting any recurrence of the disease.
To assess the effectiveness of treatment, the level of CA 125 must be measured before starting the required treatment. This value is the starting point to which the results of tests performed at certain intervals during treatment are compared. The test is also performed after the end of the treatment. If CA 125 levels are elevated again, tumour recurrence is likely.
In which cases is it recommended to perform the test?
The test is recommended in the following cases:
- If you have a history of ovarian cancer (genetic predisposition)
- If the goal is to monitor the treatment of ovarian cancer
- To examine recurrence of the disease after completion of treatment
What sample is needed for the test?
A blood sample taken from a vein is needed for the test.
What can the result indicate?
If the level of antigen decreases during therapy, it indicates that the body is responding well to treatment. An increase in CA 125 levels indicates that the tumour is not responding to therapy. Upon completion of treatment, a high value may indicate recurrence of the tumour.
What to do after the test?
In all cases, please consult the specialist who ordered the test with the result.
