Women's/men's health screening laboratory test package - under 50 and over 50

The liver function test provides information about the inflammatory condition of the liver, bile secretion, and the liver-damaging effects of drugs, alcohol, drugs, and other toxic substances.

We examine the following values:

• bilirubin: is produced as a yellow breakdown product of red blood cells in the spleen, liver and certain lymph nodes. Its levels may increase in cases of increased red blood cell breakdown, liver disease and obstruction of bile excretion. Normal total bilirubin value: 5-17 μmol/l (3-10 mg/l).
• GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase): an enzyme involved in the metabolism of amino acids. It is normally present in small amounts in the blood but increases in case of organ damage. Lower GOT value ​​can be found in pregnant women. Its normal value is 18-31 U/l in women and 18-33 U/l in men.
• GPT (glutamate pyruvate aminotransferase): an enzyme produced in liver cells that shows the damage that has taken place there. Normally, it is also present in small amounts in the blood, increasing in case of damage. Its normal value is 7-30 U/l in women and 10-55 U/l in men.

• GGT (gamma-glutamyl-transferase): an enzyme produced by the liver, pancreas and kidneys. Its value is looked at when examining the liver and biliary ducts, the most reliable indicator parameter. Normal value for women is 8-40 U/l, 9-50 U/l.
• AP (alkaline phosphatase): an enzyme that helps break down proteins. It usually provides information when performing liver and bone disease tests. A high value indicates liver or bone disease (e.g. osteoporosis), a lower value may be due to hypothyroidism, malnutrition, or anaemia. Normal value: 20-140 U/l.
• albumin: the body’s most important connective and transporting protein. It is produced in the liver and is extremely sensitive to liver damage. Low levels indicate liver damage and high levels indicate dehydration. Its normal value is 35-52 g/l.
• cholinesterase: There are two types of cholinesterase enzymes in the blood. Acetylcholinesterase plays a role in signal conduction, and pseudocholinesterase provides information about the synthetic function of the liver. Decreased levels develop in some liver diseases as well as chronic inflammation, and higher levels are common in diabetes, among others. Normal value: 4.3 – 13.2 kU/l.

The function of the kidneys is to regulate salt and water balance, metabolic processes, and blood pressure, as well as urine production. When it comes to kidney function laboratory test, one or two values ​​alone do not provide accurate information, the relationship between the measured values ​​is authoritative.

The package measures the following values:

• urine and general sediment: this test is used to detect infection, metabolic abnormalities and kidney disease.
• creatinine: it is a product of the breakdown of protein from muscles, its blood level is an indicator of kidney function. Elevated levels usually indicate a problem with kidney filtration, and lower levels develop during pregnancy or with aging. Normal value: 53-133 µm/l
• carbamide: a breakdown product of amino acids, also an indicator of renal function. Elevated levels usually indicate kidney failure. Its normal value is between 3-7 mmol/l.

• uric acid: the end product of the breakdown of purine compounds that enters the circulation during digestion. Purine compounds enter the body from food in the form of protein. Two-thirds of uric acid is excreted through the kidneys. Elevated uric acid levels can occur, for example, if the kidney uric acid secretion is inadequate or if there is excessive protein (meat) consumption. Its normal value is 140-340 µmol/l in women and 220-420 µmol/l in men.

Blood delivers oxygen and substances absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract to the tissues, carbon dioxide to the lungs, and the end products of metabolism to the kidneys. It is involved in regulating body temperature and delivering hormones and other substances that control cell function to cells. To supply all of these, all its elements must be present in the right number and quality.

The package includes testing of the following values:

• complete blood count: to determine the absolute number of formed elements in the blood, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. From this, the specialist may conclude, among other things, anaemia, blood loss, inflammatory processes, disease of the hematopoietic organs and coagulation disorders.
• iron: an important component of haemoglobin, the main oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. In its absence, anaemia develops, reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Its normal value is 9-30 µmol/l in women and 12-31 µmol/l in men.
• transferrin (total iron-binding capacity): the main transport protein in the blood from which the body’s iron stores can be inferred. Its normal value in adults is 200-340 g/dl.

• ferritin: a protein produced by the liver that binds iron. An indicator of the body’s iron content, in the case of iron deficiency, its level decreases. Elevated levels develop in case of chronic inflammation, cancer. Its normal value is 4-161 µg/l in women and 16-300 µg/l in men.

This component of the package examines the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. Fat metabolism takes place primarily in the liver, where fats and fatty substances are built up and broken down. The process is driven by complex regulatory mechanisms in which hormones also play a role. Timely detection of carbohydrate metabolism disorders can also prevent the development of more severe complications of diabetes.

• blood sugar: is used to determine the level of glucose in the blood, it can be used to recognize diabetes. Elevated levels indicate diabetes. Normal value: 3.6-6.0 mmol/l.
• HbA1c: A long-term glycaemia indicator that can be used to judge the average glycaemia of the last 6-10 weeks. Its normal value in adults is 4.2-6.1%.
• Cholesterol: Cholesterol is produced in the highest amount by the liver, but some of it is taken in with food. The cholesterol produced by the liver is essential to produce bile. Total cholesterol is determined in a laboratory test and the proportions of LDL and HDL cholesterol are also indicated.
  • Total Cholesterol: Shows the total amount of LDL and HDL present in the blood serum and their relative proportions.
  • HDL cholesterol: the “protective” cholesterol. It transports cholesterol deposited in the blood vessel wall back to the liver, preventing atherosclerosis.
  • LDL cholesterol: “bad” cholesterol. It transports cholesterol from the liver to the cells, which can deposit in the blood vessel walls, reducing their elasticity and increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
• non-HDL cholesterol: Measuring its value is recommended because it more accurately indicates the risk of vascular disease. Its normal value is between 3.4 and 4.0 mmol/l.
• triglyceride (neutral fat): the components of fats ingested during consumption that supply the body with energy. Ideally, it occurs in small amounts in the body, but in case of excessive carbohydrate intake, our body also produces triglycerides. Its normal value is below 1.7 mmol/l

This element focuses on controlling thyroid function. We examine the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH, which is produced in the pituitary gland and stimulates thyroid hormone production. If the TSH value is elevated, hypothyroidism, and if the TSH value is lower, hyperthyroidism may be the background.

Electrolytes are essential components of the blood. They regulate the distribution of water in the body and maintain acid-base balance and normal body pH.

• potassium: measuring potassium ions provides important information about the body’s fluid balance, hormonal effects, and therapies used. High potassium levels can cause arrhythmias. Its normal value is between 3.5 and 5 mmol/l.
• calcium: the test is used to diagnose certain endocrine, kidney and bone diseases. The normal value of the total calcium concentration is between 2.2-2.6 mmol/l, the ionized calcium (which is responsible for the corresponding nerve and muscle excitability) is between 1-1.2 mmol/l.

A stool blood test is performed to check for abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract. This test checks for blood in the stool, as the stool does not normally contain blood. The blood that appears comes from the intestinal tract, it can occur in digested form. It can also come from the rectum, the test shows both cases.

Inflammation is a very complex process that activates several preventative systems at once: the immune system, the system that produces anti-inflammatory substances, and the blood clotting system. In the acute phase of inflammation, various proteins accumulate in the blood, which can be used to detect inflammation in a laboratory test.

The laboratory test can only detect inflammation present in the body, but not its exact location. In the presence of inflammation, further testing is recommended in light of any complaints.

• erythrocyte sedimentation: draws attention to pathological processes in the body, primarily inflammation. Its normal value is less than 20 mm/hour.
• CRP: measures the amount of CRP protein that is produced in liver cells in the event of inflammation. Typically, its levels increase radically in bacterial and fungal infections. Its normal value is below 8mg/l.

In addition to the tests listed above, the package recommended for people over the age of 50 also includes additional tests:

• Vitamin D: We assess the levels in both men and women. Low levels may indicate weakening of the bones (halisteresis, frequent fractures, osteoporosis), diabetes, certain cancerous diseases, or cardiovascular diseases. Its normal value is 75 nmol/l.
• Testosterone: This test is performed on men. The most important male sex hormone, its levels decrease in the body with aging. Its normal value in adult men is 9.9-28 nmol/l.
• PSA (prostate-specific antigen): This test is performed on men. PSA is a protein produced in the prostate, which can be used to screen for prostate diseases. Its normal value is below 5 µg/l, the cut-off value is between 5-10 µg/l.

Empty stomach is required for blood count. For a urine test, a sample delivered in a clean container, and for a stool blood test, not a sterile stool container but a liquid stool sampler is required.

After the 3rd working day after the test.